diff --git a/ruoyi-admin/src/main/java/com/ruoyi/algorithm/shadow/ShadowObservationGateway.java b/ruoyi-admin/src/main/java/com/ruoyi/algorithm/shadow/ShadowObservationGateway.java
index 15a7b72..22da546 100644
--- a/ruoyi-admin/src/main/java/com/ruoyi/algorithm/shadow/ShadowObservationGateway.java
+++ b/ruoyi-admin/src/main/java/com/ruoyi/algorithm/shadow/ShadowObservationGateway.java
@@ -283,6 +283,17 @@ public class ShadowObservationGateway {
                 metrics.increment(ShadowSkipReason.CONCURRENT);
             } catch (Exception shadowFailure) {
                 coordinator.failRefresh(ticket, failureDescription(failureStage, shadowFailure));
+                if (isSourceChanged(shadowFailure)) {
+                    // SQL 51025 is the stored procedure's optimistic-concurrency guard:
+                    // source rows changed while the snapshot was being built. Treat it as
+                    // a stale refresh and defer the next attempt; retrying immediately only
+                    // creates another collision and incorrectly reports an application error.
+                    metrics.increment(ShadowSkipReason.STALE);
+                    recoveryNotBefore.set(clock.instant().plus(RECOVERY_COOLDOWN));
+                    LOG.info("shadow_refresh_stale warehouse={} snapshotGeneration={} sqlCode=51025",
+                            warehouseId, generation);
+                    return;
+                }
                 metrics.recordError(failureStage);
                 warnFailure("CONTROL", generation, failureStage, shadowFailure, startedNanos);
             }
@@ -290,6 +301,21 @@ public class ShadowObservationGateway {
         recoveryNotBefore.set(clock.instant().plus(RECOVERY_COOLDOWN));
     }
 
+    private boolean isSourceChanged(Throwable failure) {
+        Throwable cause = failure;
+        for (int depth = 0; depth < 8 && cause != null; depth++) {
+            if (cause instanceof SQLException sql && sql.getErrorCode() == 51025) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            Throwable next = cause.getCause();
+            if (next == cause) {
+                break;
+            }
+            cause = next;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
     private Optional<ShadowSnapshotCoordinator.RefreshTicket> tryBeginRefreshAfterQuietWindow()
             throws InterruptedException {
         if (coordinator.activeLegacyCount() != 0) {
diff --git a/ruoyi-admin/src/test/java/com/ruoyi/algorithm/shadow/ShadowObservationGatewayTest.java b/ruoyi-admin/src/test/java/com/ruoyi/algorithm/shadow/ShadowObservationGatewayTest.java
index 66ea376..8eb2850 100644
--- a/ruoyi-admin/src/test/java/com/ruoyi/algorithm/shadow/ShadowObservationGatewayTest.java
+++ b/ruoyi-admin/src/test/java/com/ruoyi/algorithm/shadow/ShadowObservationGatewayTest.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import java.time.Duration;
 import java.time.Instant;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
@@ -392,6 +393,24 @@ class ShadowObservationGatewayTest {
         assertThat(recovered.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)).isTrue();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void sourceChangedRefreshIsClassifiedAsStaleAndDoesNotRetry() throws Exception {
+        ShadowPlanningEngine engine = mock(ShadowPlanningEngine.class);
+        ShadowInputMapper mapper = mock(ShadowInputMapper.class);
+        SQLException sourceChanged = new SQLException("source changed", "S0001", 51025);
+        when(engine.refreshSnapshot(anyLong(), eq("INSTANCE-1"))).thenThrow(new RuntimeException(sourceChanged));
+        CountDownLatch staleMetric = metricLatch(mapper, "SKIP_STALE");
+        ShadowObservationGateway gateway = gateway(engine, mapper, coordinator(),
+                new ShadowRuntimeMetrics(), Clock.fixed(NOW, ZoneOffset.UTC), delay -> { });
+
+        gateway.start();
+
+        assertThat(staleMetric.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)).isTrue();
+        verify(engine, timeout(1000).times(1)).refreshSnapshot(anyLong(), eq("INSTANCE-1"));
+        verify(mapper, never()).upsertRuntimeMetric(anyString(), eq("ERROR_REFRESH"), anyLong(),
+                anyLong(), anyLong(), anyLong(), any(Instant.class));
+    }
+
     private void assertOutboundUsesLease(boolean exactStock) throws Exception {
         ShadowPlanningEngine engine = mock(ShadowPlanningEngine.class);
         ShadowInputMapper mapper = mock(ShadowInputMapper.class);